The Down syndrome brain in the presence and absence of fibrillar β-amyloidosis.

3.2 Cortical thickness 3.2.1 PIB-negative Down syndrome versus controls The vertexwise analysis in the PIB-negative group compared with controls demonstrated highly significant cortical thinning in the precentral gyrus; significant thinning was also found in the temporal pole with additional small areas in subgenual anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex ( Fig. 1 ).

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In contrast, there were some small, weakly significant areas of greater thickness in the PIB-positive group in the right subgenual cortex and left precentral gyrus ( Fig. 2 ).

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