Left Ventricular Speckle Tracking-Derived Cardiac Strain and Cardiac Twist Mechanics in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies.

Additionally, using the traditional categorization, endurance athletes showed a trend towards reduced LV twist compared with controls; therefore, training level subdivisions revealed that elite endurance athletes demonstrated significantly less twist than controls, which was accompanied by lower apical rotation that was not found in competitive endurance athletes.

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Left Ventricular Twisting Mechanics Twisting Overall twist did not differ between athletes and controls, accompanied by a large and highly significant heterogeneous sample.

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