Central insulin modulates food valuation via mesolimbic pathways.

In contrast, among individuals with IR, food preference scores showed a trend to increase under INI ( T (19) =1.77; P =0.09, d =0.16, n =20, t -test) ( Fig. 3a ).

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Investigating BOLD responses to food compared with non-food items in the placebo session yielded highly significant activations across all participants in a large-scale network of metabolic and reward-related brain regions including the bilateral hypothalamus, VTA, amygdala, insula and orbitofrontal cortex ( Fig. 4b and Supplementary Table 5 ).

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