DISCUSSION This large multi-center cross-sectional study found a statistically significant association between active smoking and overall HPV or CIN2+ prevalence in the presence of passive smoking; a slightly significant association between passive smoking and overall HPV infection; and no association between passive smoking and CIN2+ regardless of active smoking status.
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Role of active and passive smoking in high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse.
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