The comparison to a small control group (n = 4) in Fig 2D did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09, log rank test), but the low incidence of T1D in the control group was in line with incidence in the NOD low colony (see Fig 1A ), whereas the rapid rise in T1D incidence (to 5/6 animals = 83%) within 3 weeks of anti-PD-L1 treatment was clearly different.
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Regulation of type 1 diabetes development and B-cell activation in nonobese diabetic mice by early life exposure to a diabetogenic environment.
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This analysis also detected differences in the abundance of several other bacterial taxa, some of which appeared highly significant (Paraprevotellaceae, Anaerostipes ), whereas others were more modest ( Prevotella copri ).