Chronic diabetic states worsen Alzheimer neuropathology and cognitive deficits accompanying disruption of calcium signaling in leptin-deficient APP/PS1 mice.

As expected, there was a modest increase in the levels of BACE1 (the predominant β-secretase), PS1, C99 and Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein-β (sAPPβ, the main products of amyloidogenic pathway) in the brain tissue of APP/PS1-ob/ob mice compared with those in the APP/PS1 mice, although it did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.05; Figure 3D , 3H , 3I , 3K and 3L ).

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