LL-37 causes cell death of human nasal epithelial cells, which is inhibited with a synthetic glycosaminoglycan.

Interestingly, at the highest dose of GM-0111 pre-treatment (300 μg/mL GM-0111 with 10 μM LL-37), cellular viability exceeded even that of the controls, indicating that GM-0111 may possess cytoprotective effects; 68.96% ± 4.72 and 69.04% ± 4.89 viable controls compared to 85.68% ± 6.73 and 82.65% ± 4.83 ( P < 0.01) for HNEpC and J774.2 cells, respectively, though this did not reach statistical significance for HNEpCs.

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