Perceived stress level and risk of cancer incidence in a Japanese population: the Japan Public Health Center (JPHC)-based Prospective Study.

In general, after controlling for all available confounders, we observed a slight but significant increase in the risk of having a cancer diagnosis for subjects under either a medium or high level of stress, compared to the reference group (‘low stress level’), with multivariable adjusted HRs of 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) for the medium stress level group and 1.06 (95% CI 1.00–1.11) for the high stress group, showing a clear trend to increase (Table 2 , p for trend = 0.048).

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