Effects of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and betel quid chewing on upper digestive diseases: a large cross-sectional study and meta-analysis.

Oncotarget · 2017 · PMC5652832 · PMID 29100443

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a positive trendno p-value reported

In this study, we also found a positive trend for these diseases in our male subjects.

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a significant trendno p-value reported

There was a significant trend of higher risk for all upper digestive tract diseases except gastric cancer if a subject used more substances in combination.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.