Beating time: How ensemble musicians' cueing gestures communicate beat position and tempo.

Psychol Music · 2018 · PMC5718341 · PMID 29276332

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approached significancep = . 07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Alignment between hand acceleration peaks and followers’ first onsets tended to precede better-synchronized performances, but the effect only approached significance, F ( 1 , 30 ) = 3 . 65 , p = . 07 , η 2 = . 11 (mean SD of 41.9 ms for aligned performers; 50.6 ms for nonaligned performers).

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