Economic burden of the management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in Italy: a cost of illness study.

Although definitive protocols for combined therapy are still lacking, since the introduction of radium-223, there has been a clear trend toward the use of radionuclide metabolic therapy in the early stages of bone metastatic disease with curative intent, rather than in late stages only for pain palliation and after the failure of other therapeutic measures. 30 Other bone-targeting agents Bone-modifying agents are able to affect the biological activity of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes.

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