Integrative assessment of climate change for fast-growing urban areas: Measurement and recommendations for future research.

Regarding heat, Rotterdam’s adaptation strategies need to focus on an increase in the overall number of (non-consecutive) heat days and both an increasing number as well as an increasing duration of heat spells ( Fig 6 ), although there is a substantial variability over the 20 th century that hampers the assessment of a clear trend.

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The green quadrant I characterizes a positive trend in both mean surface air temperature and precipitation, which includes 72.6% (n = 8532) of all cases.

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