Increased lipid availability for three days reduces whole body glucose uptake, impairs muscle mitochondrial function and initiates opposing effects on PGC-1α promoter methylation in healthy subjects.

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion The fasting plasma insulin concentration, as well as the plasma insulin response during all hyperglycemic clamp steps (+125mg/dL, +300 mg/dL and arginine), were higher after Liposyn infusion (but did not reach statistical significance during the +300 mg/dL step): fasting (2.3±0.7 vs . 4.0±0.7 μIU/ml, p = 0.03); +125mg/dL (time 90-120min: 37±5 vs . 51±7 μIU/ml; p = 0.01); +300mg/dL (time 90-120min: 154±21 vs . 180±26 p = 0.10); and after arginine (428±35 vs . 476±29 uU/ml; p = 0.01) ( Fig 1c and S2 Fig ), indicating the normal physiologic response to the insulin resistance associated with Liposyn infusion.

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