We have previously demonstrated that smokers and COPD patients present with substantial quantities of PGP/AcPGP ( 21 – 24 ) that supports their persistent airway inflammation and pathology, and intriguingly, BALF ACE levels in these patients tended to be lower than that observed in control individuals, though this failed to reach statistical significance ( Figure 4 ).
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme defines matrikine-regulated inflammation and fibrosis.
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