Heme oxygenase-1 promoter region (GT)n polymorphism associates with increased neuroimmune activation and risk for encephalitis in HIV infection.

Additionally, the significant correlations observed between type I interferon and T-lymphocyte neuroimmune markers and the HO-1 (GT)n polymorphism were highly significant in the full HIV cohort, despite many of these markers positively correlating more significantly and stronger with plasma and CNS viral loads and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (Table 2 ).

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For all remaining comparisons in this racial subgroup analysis, expression of each marker was still lower in Caucasians and Africans Americans with short ‘S’ alleles compared to those without short ‘S’ alleles; however, these did not reach statistical significance, potentially as a result of reduced statistical power due to the significantly smaller n in these subgroups (Fig. 6 ).

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