The right thalamus may play an important role in anesthesia-awakening regulation in frogs.

Results ApEn and PE values in different anesthesia-awakening stages For ApEn values, ANOVA analysis ( Table 1 ) revealed significant main effects for the factors “stage” ( F 2,24 = 25.127; p = 0.000; partial η 2 = 0.677) and “sex” ( F 1,12 = 5.033; p = 0.045; partial η 2 = 0.295) but marginally non-significant effect for the factor “brain area” ( F 5,60 = 2.373; p = 0.050; partial η 2 = 0.165), but no significant interaction between factors was observed.

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Simple effects analysis showed that PE values for the right mesencephalon during a given stage were significantly higher than those for other brain areas ( F 5,65 = 6.583, ε = 0.480, p = 0.003, partial η 2 = 0.336 in Stage I; F 5,65 = 8.642, p = 0.000, partial η 2 = 0.399 in Stage III; F 5,65 = 13.395, p = 0.000, partial η 2 = 0.507 in Stage IV; Table 3 ) although the difference between the left and right mesencephalon did not reach statistical significance.

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