We did, however, find a weakly significant relationship between sociality and relative sting length ( F 1,58 = 4.383; R 2 = 0.07026, P = 0.04068), with social species having shorter stings relative to their bodies than solitary species.
Furthermore, we found marginally significant evidence that toxicity was inversely related to sting length ( F 1,7 = 5.175; R 2 = 0.425, P = 0.05707), indicating that aculeates with longer stings relative to their body size were less toxic than those with smaller stings relative to their body size ( Fig. 2 ).