A High Frequency of HIV-Specific Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells Is Associated with Preserved Memory B Cell Responses in HIV Controllers.

A marked increase in PD-1 expression was noted in HIV-specific CD4 + T cells from controllers and treated patients, this increase being highly significant ( P < 0.005) in both the cTfh and the MemX5 − subsets ( Fig. 3A and B ).

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Patient cTfh also showed a trend for higher PD-1 expression than in the MemX5 − population, which did not reach significance due to higher intragroup variability ( Fig. 1D ).

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