The total length of all timeseries became 33 × 240 years, implying for inter-annual variations a lower bound of 2638 degrees of freedom for significance tests, and for decadal variations a lower bound of 607 degrees of freedom (we are not interested to determine the exact significance bound which has to be estimated by a suite of Monte Carlo simulations, as all relevant results are clearly significant and supported by physical understanding).
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The relation between natural variations in ocean heat uptake and global mean surface temperature anomalies in CMIP5.
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