Circulating chemerin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

When stratifying by trimester of chemerin measurement, the second-trimester patients showed significantly higher levels of circulating chemerin compared with healthy pregnant women (SMD: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.67), while the difference did not reach statistical significance during the third trimester (SMD: 1.15; 95% CI: − 0.46, 2.76), and GDM patients in the first trimester showed even significantly decreased chemerin levels than those in healthy pregnant women (SMD: − 0.92; 95% CI: − 1.59, − 0.26); however, significant heterogeneity among studies was still observed in the second group ( I 2 = 98.4%, P < 0.001) and the third trimester group ( I 2 = 97.8%, P < 0.001) (Fig. 5 ).

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