Microglial pannexin-1 channel activation is a spinal determinant of joint pain.

Direct application of recombinant IL-1β (5 ng) onto the spinal cord of naïve (nonarthritic) rats for 20 to 30 min increased spiking evoked by 10-g von Frey stimulation from 4.3 ± 2.9 to 8.2 ± 3.6 spike/s ( P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test; n = 12 cells) and caused a nearly significant increase in spontaneous spiking from 0.3 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 1.3 spike/s ( P = 0.11, Wilcoxon signed-rank test), consistent with past studies ( 16 , 18 , 19 ).

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