These strains did exhibit an apparent trend towards lower fitness upon multiplexing; the average fitness of individual stress response gene perturbations (1.10 ± 0.24) decreased upon combining perturbation in pairs (1.04 ± 0.16), triplets (1.02 ± 0.23), and all at once (0.91 ± 0.18) (Fig. 2e ).
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Multiplexed deactivated CRISPR-Cas9 gene expression perturbations deter bacterial adaptation by inducing negative epistasis.
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The sentences
Thus, a clear trend towards lower fitness emerged upon multiplexing of gene perturbations.