Training Children to Perceive Non-native Lexical Tones: Tone Language Background, Bilingualism, and Auditory-Visual Information.

Turning to Training Mode and Monolingual/Bilingual, the Training Mode and Monolingual/Bilingual interaction, and the Training Mode × Monolingual/Bilingual × ao/av interaction were both very close to significance Training Mode × Monolingual/Bilingual, F (1, 65) = 3.91, p > 0.05, ηp 2 = 0.057; Training Mode × Monolingual/Bilingual × ao/av tests, F = 3.76, p>0.05, ηp 2 = 0.055 (critical F = 3.98).

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av tests with Age and Tone Language results above, and in order to avoid a Type II error in this first test of the effect of training mode on lexical tone perception, these two approaching significance results were followed up in simple effect tests of Training Mode × Monolingual/Bilingual at each level of the test type, ao tests and av tests.

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