marginally significantp = 0.097
For the third control variable, spatial ability, an ANOVA showed a marginally significant main effect of emotional design [ F (2,222) = 2.35, p = 0.097, η p 2 = 0.02].
For the third control variable, spatial ability, an ANOVA showed a marginally significant main effect of emotional design [ F (2,222) = 2.35, p = 0.097, η p 2 = 0.02].
For nine of the ten chosen pictures, the ranking of the three versions differed significantly from each other (all p s < 0.05), with the exception of one picture, where the comparison of an intended-negative with an intended-neutral design failed to reach statistical significance (but descriptively was still in the consistent direction).