Mitochondrial damage and "plugging" of transport selectively in myelinated, small-diameter axons are major early events in peripheral neuroinflammation.

In comparison with adjuvant control and asymptomatic mice, this “applied infiltration” of saphenous nerve by activated macrophages reduced the number of mitochondria moving both anterogradely [median (IQR) = 11 (8–17.5)] and retrogradely [median (IQR) = 2 (1–4)], although this reduction did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 1e ) in comparison with either adjuvant control or asymptomatic animals.

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