Role of putative voltage-sensor countercharge D4 in regulating gating properties of Ca<sub>V</sub>1.2 and Ca<sub>V</sub>1.3 calcium channels.

Whereas in Ca V 1.1 charge neutralization of D4 caused a ̴20 mV right-shift of V1⁄2 and reduction of current density to 15% of control [ 8 , 9 ], in Ca V 1.2 and Ca V 1.3 current density was reduced to about half of control levels and the right-shift of V1⁄2 was only about 5 mV, and in Ca V 1.2 did not reach statistical significance.

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