Emerging implications of policies on malaria treatment: genetic changes in the <i>Pfmdr-1</i> gene affecting susceptibility to artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine in Africa.

86Y frequency declined markedly after ACT policy introduction, with a borderline significant trend for a more rapid decline in countries with AL policies (p=0.055).

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In countries with AL policy, there was a slight trend that locations with higher estimated AL coverage among cases 11 (>20%) during the time period when Pfmdr1 SNP trends were measured showed more negative selection of 1246Y although this was not statistically significant( figure 4 , online supplementary table S1 ).

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