Using multivariate logistic regression adjusting for site, blood culture positivity for S. pneumoniae was significantly associated with very severe pneumonia (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.63, 6.80) and HIV infection (OR 9.51; 95% CI 3.77, 24.00). Specimen volume ≥ 3mL showed a trend to association with isolating pneumococcus (OR 1.94; 95% CI 0.84, 4.47), while antibiotic pretreatment showed a negative trend to association with isolating pneumococcus (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.15, 1.12).
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