Effects of Obesity and Gastric Bypass Surgery on Nutrient Sensors, Endocrine Cells, and Mucosal Innervation of the Mouse Colon.

mRNA Expression of Appetite Modulation Hormones/Peptides Increases in Obesity and RYGB Both Increase Colonic L-Cell and EC Cell Numbers mRNA expression of glucagon (the precursor to GLP-1 protein), PYY, and TPH-1 (the precursor enzyme critical for 5-HT production) was increased but did not reach statistical significance in the obese (sham-operated) group ( Figure 3 A–C).

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