Antenatal depression programs cortisol stress reactivity in offspring through increased maternal inflammation and cortisol in pregnancy: The Psychiatry Research and Motherhood - Depression (PRAM-D) Study.

2 , Panel C), mixed design ANOVA demonstrated a statistically significant between-subjects effect of caseness on cortisol levels (F (1, 72) = 0.5, p = 0.002, η p 2 = .13), as well as a statistical trend for an interaction between caseness and time (F (1, 72) = 3.4, p = 0.07, η p 2 = 0.05), but no within-subjects effect (F (1, 72) = 1.9, p = 0.17, η p 2 = 0.03).

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In the current study we found that both cognitive and language scores were numerically lower in infants of depressed mothers, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.

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