The effect of HIV co-infection on the levels of several of the other cytokines is variable across studies and thus it is difficult to interpret a clear trend ( Zhang et al., 1994 ; Elliott et al., 1999 ; de Castro Cunha et al., 2005 ; Riou et al., 2012 ; Walker et al., 2012 ; Mihret et al., 2014 ; Kassa et al., 2016 ).
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The Immune Mechanisms of Lung Parenchymal Damage in Tuberculosis and the Role of Host-Directed Therapy.
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