Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism.

[ 125 ] varied the pH value of the starting reaction solution from 8 to 12 that enabled in changing the morphology from micro-rods to nano-spheres, resulting in an efficient bacteriostatic activity. There is a strong trend that considers two mechanisms underlying the interaction of NPs with bacteria, to be mainly concerned [ 13 ]: (i) excessive ROS generation, mostly hydroxyl radicals (HO • ) and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) [ 60 , 80 , 126 , 127 ], and (ii) NPs precipitation on the bacterial exterior; or NPs gather in the cytoplasmic area or in the periplasm space, thus, disrupt the cellular activities, resulting in membranes disturbance and disorder [ 7 , 40 ].

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