Predictors of persistent disease activity and long quiescence in systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.

Smoking and family income at baseline showed both a strong tendency towards statistical significance (p=0.06) ( table 5 ).

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20 In the SLICC inception cohort, African American patients had higher SLEDAI score than Caucasians over the first 5 years of disease course, though it did not reach statistical significance. 21 A recent study in Hopkins Lupus Cohort analysed the time needed to achieve remission in patients that were not in remission at baseline according to DORIS definitions and showed that African American ethnicity was significantly associated with a longer time to remission. 22 It has been implicated that genetic factors influence the expression of SLE in an early stage while non-genetic factors modify the overall disease course and thus determine the prognosis and survival of patients with SLE. 23 24 Such a notion is supported by studies in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort.

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