A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Evaluating the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections and Surgery-Related Complications.

J Clin Med · 2018 · PMC6307089 · PMID 30558358

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Nine studies [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 67 ] reported elevations in Bifidobacterium genus (or its particular species) including patients supplemented with microbial agents, but did not reach statistical significance for a benefit.

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