Effects of Oxytocin on Fear Memory and Neuroinflammation in a Rodent Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

For peripheral cytokines, we demonstrated a similar response of IL-1β and TNF-α—the SPS-increased plasma levels of these two cytokines were reduced following the treatment of intranasal OXT, and these effects could be in turn noticeably blocked by the OXT antagonist atosiban, although they failed to reach statistical significance (New Figure 6 ).

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Third, the effects of OXT and atosiban were determined based on a single-dose regimen; thus, some of the effects only reached marginal significance.

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