Target enrichment sequencing of 307 germplasm accessions identified ancestry of ancient and modern hybrids and signatures of adaptation and selection in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a 'sweet' crop with 'bitter' genomes.

The percentages of SD SNPs were significantly different for species with different ploid levels ( P < 0.001) and showed a decreasing trend with increased ploid levels except for tetraploid, in which only three accessions were sampled.

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The results showed a trend of fast evolving of new alleles in putative disease resistance genes in this polyploid Saccharum species, which might have played a key role in the divergence of Saccharum from their ancestors.

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