Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.

FASEB J · 2019 · PMC6338644 · PMID 30321069

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Metformin activated AMPK in vitro and showed a trend to be activated in vivo in liver, reflecting literature revealing both AMPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms of action for metformin ( 27 , 32 , 36 ).

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