The Incorporation of Host Proteins into the External HIV-1 Envelope.

Surprisingly, the amount of α4β7 incorporation in viral envelopes was found to be significantly higher than the well-characterized ICAM-1, LFA-1, HLA-DR, and CD43, although the latter two did not reach statistical significance [ 18 ].

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Thus, while the importance of ICAM-1 in HIV-1 infection is notable, the effects of its cognate ligand, LFA-1, are also highly significant, as it is involved in mediating viral and immunological synapses that can increase the efficiency of cell-to-cell transmission.

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