Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

PLoS One · 2019 · PMC6361430 · PMID 30716100

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1700

closest p · 3.4× alpha

0.1700

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.17not close (p > 0.1)

The subgroup analysis showed that the current and total smoking may increase the risk of DN, but these results did not reach statistical significance (current: HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.79–3.64, p = 0.17; total: HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.97–1.41, p = 0.10), whereas former smoking significantly increased the risk of DN (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03–1.05, p<0.001).

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