Smartphone-Based Remote Self-Management of Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study.

J Healthc Eng · 2019 · PMC6381588 · PMID 30881606

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Nevertheless, the PSEQ score in the SM + PT group showed an increasing trend (mean: pretreatment 38.6; midterm 46.8; posttreatment 47.6) while the PT group had a decreasing trend (mean: pretreatment 34.3; midterm 33.3; posttreatment 30.7). 3.2.3.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Previous studies suggested that self-management program could bring benefit to physical and psychological function but did not reach statistical significance in pain reduction [ 47 – 49 ].

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a positive trendno p-value reported

VAS showed a positive trend although there was no significant difference.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.