Concordance of genetic variation that increases risk for tourette syndrome and that influences its underlying neurocircuitry.

Significant negative concordance was also identified between the social disinhibition behaviour symptom cluster and the thalamus (Table 2 , p = 1 × 10 −3 ) as well as marginally significant negative concordance with the accumbens ( p = 2.3 × 10 −3 ) and positive concordance with the pallidum ( p = 0.47 × 10 −2 ).

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Further, we found nominally significant ( p < 0.05) evidence of pleiotropy between TS risk variants and variants associated with lower ICV, accumbens, pallidum, and thalamus volumes and greater hippocampus volume (Table 1 ).

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The SNPs that had reached at least marginal significance thresholds for the relevant subcortical brain regions were selected for inclusion in the plots.

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