Empathic Responses for Pain in Facial Muscles Are Modulated by Actor's Attractiveness and Gender, and Perspective Taken by Observer.

Interestingly, however, the activity of the OO muscle showed a trend in the interaction between gender of the observer and perspective taking: when the imagine-self perspective was adopted, OO muscle activity was stronger in women than in men.

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One should consider, however, that although we did not observe a main effect of perspective taking (as Lamm et al., 2008 ), the interaction between the gender of the observer and perspective taking was close to significance for the activity of the OO muscle.

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