Target detection increases pupil diameter and enhances memory for background scenes during multi-tasking.

This difference was marginally significant, t (41) = −1.962, p = 0.057, d = −0.350.

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From 0.500 to 0.667 s after trial onset, pupil diameter following target-paired remembered scenes showed a trend to being significantly greater than that for target-paired forgotten scenes, t’s (41) > 1.792, p’s < 0.080, d’s > 0.087.

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These results could at least partially reflect differences in pupil diameter at the beginning of target trials with subsequently forgotten scenes than with subsequently remembered scenes (suggested by a marginal trend for a difference in starting pupil diameter).

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