Gut microbiota-dependent CCR9+CD4+ T cells are altered in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Consistent with this hypothesis, %CCR9 values tended to increase in the RRMS group, although they did not reach statistical significance.

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Further, the IL-10 ratio was comparable between healthy controls, RRMS, SPMS, although a decreasing trend was seen in elderly healthy controls.

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However, the IL-17A ratio was elevated in the SPMS group, while elderly healthy controls reported an increasing trend compared with healthy controls and the RRMS group.

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