The Robot-Assisted Extravesical Anti-reflux Surgery: How We Overcame the Learning Curve.

Introduction Over the past two decades, both the evaluation and therapeutic interventions for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) have undergone extensive evolutions, with a clear trend toward non-operative management and a focus on voiding dysfunction as the major risk factor for urinary tract infection (UTI) ( 1 – 3 ).

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