Systematic review and meta-analysis on trimodal therapy versus radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Does the current quality of evidence justify definitive conclusions?

reported one analytic strategy based on instrumental variable analysis (IVA) with a non-significant result (HR in favor of RC) and 3 non-IVA analytic strategies that were all significant or borderline significant (effect estimates in favor of RC).

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was the only identified investigation that reported on DSS and demonstrated clearly significant results in favor of RC (HR: 1.55 [95%-CI: 1.32–1.83]).

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