Association between blood lead level and subsequent Alzheimer's disease mortality.

32 , 34 , 35 , 50 A longitudinal analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study cohort reported an association of reduced cognitive function with tibia lead, but this did not reach statistical significance (change in z-score, −0.024; 95% CI = −0.053, 0.004); however, this study only reported results from a 1-year follow-up. 33 In contrast, longitudinal analyses using blood lead did not observe an association of lead with changes in cognitive function. 31 , 51 Overall, the majority of this work suggests an association between lead and lower cognitive function, especially among studies using a longitudinal design or bone lead measures.

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