Manipulation of gut microbiota blunts the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in adult rats.

There was a clear trend towards enhanced species richness of caecal microbiota in VEH-FMT and ABX-FMT samples: number of observed species, Chao1 (an estimate of total richness in a sample [ 48 ]) and phylogenetic whole tree diversity (PD whole tree, an estimate of diversity based on structure and branch length of the phylogenetic tree in each sample [ 49 ]) indices were all increased in these groups ( Fig. 7 a, p = .035, p = .043 and p = .004 between VEH-FMT versus VEH; p = .052 for parameters in ABX-FMT versus VEH).

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