A later smaller study that included 35 patients with more advanced CHF (NYHA class III–IV) was published; it showed a trend of a similar benefit in FMD with low-frequency electrical muscle stimulation for 8 weeks when compared with skin only stimulation (SHAM) [ 46 ].
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Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Heart Failure: Assessment, Findings, Significance, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.
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