Vigorous physical activity in relation to family affluence: time trends in Europe and North America.

Among medium-FAS boys, a significant increase in VPA was observed in six countries (Luxembourg, Macedonia, Scotland, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden), whereas a decreasing trend in VPA was observed in nine countries (Canada, the Czech Republic, England, Estonia, Iceland, Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland and Wales).

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In the high-FAS category, a positive trend in VPA was observed in nine countries (Finland, Germany, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Scotland) and a significant decrease in three countries (Canada, Greenland and Iceland).

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The results from previous studies do not indicate a clear trend in VPA across countries or the age or gender of adolescents (Irving et al. 2003 ; Samdal et al. 2007 ).

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